Development and design of medical nebulizer
In the past, the application of nebulizers has existed more in the medical field. With the continuous development of society, nebulizers have been widely used in people's daily lives. The atomizer is a device that guarantees the indoor air humidity by atomizing water and can also produce a certain amount of negative oxygen ions. Facing the increasingly diverse needs of the public, we need to optimize and improve it.
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, people have increasingly higher requirements for the quality of life. Therefore, in winter, people use an atomizer to adjust the indoor air humidity to cope with the problem of drying indoor air due to heating, thereby improving the quality of life. However, turning on the atomizer for a long time not only wastes resources and increases losses, but also continuously increasing the indoor narrow air humidity also has an adverse effect on body health, so it is particularly important to optimize the intelligent performance of the atomizer.
1. The principle of ultrasonic atomizer
Ultrasonic atomizers use electronic high-frequency oscillations and utilize the high-frequency resonance of ceramic atomizers to break up the liquid water molecular structure to produce naturally flowing water particles.
The intelligent control of the ultrasonic atomizer is to use the single chip microcomputer as the control core, analyze and process the signals input from the outside world, and convert the analysis results into signals to control the atomizer, the display unit and the water level control unit. The entire system consists of modules including: atomizer, control panel, humidity sensor, water level sensor, acousto-optic display device and various implementing devices.
The working process of the system is: after the power is turned on, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor convert the indoor temperature and humidity into a signal, which is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer. At the same time, the system automatically detects the temperature and humidity values set by the user. The system calls the default parameters to work. When the indoor humidity value and temperature value reach the user's set value or the system default value, the atomizer will automatically stop running, and switch to maintain this temperature value and humidity value state, then when the indoor temperature and humidity drop, the atomizer Work automatically, increase the temperature and humidity again to the user set value or the system default value, the system repeats in this way, can keep the indoor temperature and humidity at a constant value.
二、超声波雾化器硬件设计
该系统的硬件主要包括：单片机、雾化器、控制面板、温湿度传感器、水位传感器、声光显示装置和各种执行器件。雾化器的电路主要是山振荡器、换能器和水位控制电路等组成的，换能器将电能转换成机械能，进曲将水雾化。在水位控制单位元中，水箱通常是采用三级水位进行监控，即在水箱的顶部、加热器元件、水箱底部分别设置探针，用以探测各自部位的状态。顶部探针探测水位是否溢出，加热器元件探针探测水位是否在加热器元件上方，底部探针用以探测水箱是否加水。通过三级水位监控来实现水箱进水、排水、加热等一系列的自动控制。
三、超声波雾化器软件设计
在该设计系统中，共有5个子程序参与系统运行（详见图2）。其中数码管显示程序的作用是将系统中输送到显示的信号以数字显示出来，使雾化器中的运行状态更加直观的呈现在人眼中。键盘扫描电路和按键处理程序（即输入程序）是将外部信息输入到内部的工具，以达到雾化器消抖和控制相关的程序（如设定系统温度和湿度）。温度、湿度信号处理程序，是将所感知的外界温度和湿度进行分析处理，并将处理结果转化成信号输送到控制中心。水位控制程序是将水箱内的水位情况通过探针探测转化成电子信号输送到控制中心，进而控制系统的进水、排水、加热等操作。继电器控制程序是将接受的信号专变成控制继电器动作，进而实现对雾化器智能调节和自动控制。
四、超声波雾化器的优点
经过实际使用证明，该雾化器通过感应外界温度和湿度，若温度湿度低于设定值时，雾化器自行运行，加热水箱中的水，再使之雾化来改变外界温度湿度到系统设定值，此时雾化器便停止运行而转入保持现状的工作状态，当温度和湿度再次降低，则雾化器再次运行将外界的温度和湿度增加到设定。此雾化器运行效果，实现了雾化器通过自我感应外界温湿度进而控制运行状态，使外界的温度和湿度始终保持在一个恒定的值上，有效地改善了室内温湿环境，优化了室内空气。
5. Scheme design of medical nebulizer
Nebulized inhalation therapy during the application of the ventilator can improve the patient's ventilation function and prevent or control respiratory infections. At present, the clinical application is to add nebulized inhaled drugs to the nebulizer, and then connect the nebulizer with the breathing circuit for nebulization treatment. The mouth-containing atomizer is improved, and a spiral switch is added to the atomizing spray outlet, and a medicine injection interface is added to the wall of the medicine storage cavity. It can be used for the patient's aerosol inhalation operation during the use of the ventilator. It can avoid repeatedly opening the breathing circuit. During the use of the ventilator, the liquid can be directly added without affecting the operation of the ventilator. It will not increase the invalid cavity of the breathing circuit, promote the standardization of hospital infection management, and can better serve the clinic.
1. Design principle of medical nebulizer
The atomizer device is mainly composed of an atomization generating device at the bottom of the atomizer, a medicine storage cavity and a three-way connecting pipe. Improve the above atomizing device, add a screw structure switch on the outer wall of the vertical end of the three-way T-tube, and add two closing pieces on the inside, and rotate the screw structure. When the two closing pieces are completely overlapped, the maximum caliber for atomization is ejected ; When there is no overlap between the two sealing pieces, the atomizing spray outlet is closed. In addition, the atomizing device has a medicine injection interface on the outer side wall of the medicine storage cavity to match the nipple of the syringe. Before the atomization inhalation, a syringe without a needle is used to inject medicine into the medicine storage cavity; the interface is closed with a heparin cap. In the process of chemical inhalation, the latex plug of the heparin cap can be pierced with a needle to add medicine to the medicine storage cavity.
2. How to use medical nebulizer
Add the medicine into the medicine storage cavity, connect the gas source, place the three-way pipe into the inhalation end of the ventilator circuit, and press the atomizing key of the ventilator to generate a spray. Open the thread structure of the atomization device to realize the atomization inhalation operation during the use of the ventilator. During the nebulization process, if you need to add nebulized drugs, use a needle tip to pierce the latex plug through the heparin cap to add drugs to the drug storage cavity.
After the atomization is inhaled, the rotating thread structure is closed, that is, the atomization spray outlet is closed, the channel between the medicine storage cavity and the three-way pipe is blocked, that is, the medicine storage cavity and the patient's breathing circuit are blocked. Inject medicine into the medicine storage cavity again, open the atomizing key of the machine, and turn the screw of the screw structure to realize the atomizing and inhaling operation again. There is no need to take out the atomizing device without special needs.
3. Advantages of medical nebulizer solution
After the nebulizer currently in clinical use, if the nebulizer is not taken out, the medicine storage cavity will increase the ineffective cavity of the breathing circuit, and the medicine storage cavity is in the low position of the breathing circuit, which is easy to retain condensed water; if the nebulizer is used Remove it and the breathing circuit will be disconnected again. When the atomization and suction treatment is performed again, or when medicine is added during the atomization process, the closed circuit between the patient and the ventilator will inevitably be disconnected. Repeatedly opening the closed circuit between the patient and the ventilator, interrupting the normal operation of the ventilator, undoubtedly increases the chance of airway infection of the patient, and also increases the external environment and medical staff are contaminated by patient droplets or airway secretions Opportunity.
The additional screw structure and the injection joint of the atomizing device successfully solve the above problems. The atomizer can avoid repeated opening of the breathing circuit due to the atomizing inhalation operation. It can also directly add the liquid medicine during the use of the ventilator without affecting the operation of the ventilator, which can protect the closedness of the circuit between the patient and the ventilator; atomization After the suction is completed, it will not accumulate condensate due to the drug storage cavity, nor will it increase the ineffective cavity of the breathing circuit; it can reduce the chance of the external environment and medical personnel being contaminated by patient droplets or airway secretions, and can also reduce medical personnel The workload; can promote the standardization of hospital infection management, should be able to better serve the clinic.